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, oqa, occa (n) Oxalis tuberosa. An Andean tuber crop. Oca has been a staple of rural Andean diets for centuries. WIKIWIKI · en.wikipedia.org (no www) The stems and leaves are called chullco (sorrel) and are said to be used as a cooling agent in high fevers and typhoid, in treating painful urination, choking, sore throat and jaundice. The roots are crushed and applied as a cataplasm to reduce the swelling of goiter and mumps. REPCREPC · Ruiz as an Ethnopharmacologist in Peru and Chile, Schultes [taxonomy accuracy questionable]  Also known as chullco-chullco, chullco, chulco, chchulcu. [See, oca tarpu, below.]

(v) The shape of oca tubers leads to its use as a phallic symbol in Quechua jokes and the sexual act is sometimes referred to in Quechua as oca tarpu, literally, planting ocas. ODPODP · Origins of Domestication, etc., Emshwiller

(n) Sacred offering. Also called despacho (Span), pago (Span), or haywa. RORROR · Rituals of Respect, Bolin

(n) Burnt offering. (See, ruphasqa haywa.) RORROR · Rituals of Respect, Bolin

Ficus insipida. Its latex has a marked antiparasitic and purgative effect. DYEDYE · Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.  The white latex is taken to kill parasites, and its effectiveness is well documented by research. The latex was processed into powder in Iquitos and exported to many countries, especially for use by military forces. Many preparation methods exist. The latex is often fermented with sugar cane, orange juice or aguardiente, and then taken orally. If the latex is not fermented it will “burn” the insides of a person. The latex is toxic, and overdoses are dangerous. Despite its efficacy if correctly used, bad experiences make many people fear it and seek other methods to control parasites. Education programs have promoted ojé use in Peru. RFCRFC · www.rainforestconservation.org Used by wajacas (shamans) of the Craós  tribe in Brazil as a memory enhancer. Its latex is toxic it must be used with care. WIKIWIKI · en.wikipedia.org (no www)

(n) Literally, eyes of light; energy centers of the luminous body. (See, ñawi.)

Leopardus tigrinus, also known as the little spotted cat, tigrillo, cunaguaro or tiger cat, is a small spotted felid found in the tropical rain forests of Central and South America. It is a close relative of the ocelot and has a rich ochre coat, spotted with black rosettes. The oncilla is a noctural animal that hunts rodents and birds. Some melanistic [think black jaguar] oncillas have been reported from the more heavily forested parts of its range. WIKIWIKI · en.wikipedia.org (no www)

Ayahuasca. There are three types of ayahuasca differentiated by the Shipibo according to color. AYVAYV · Ayahuasca Visions: The Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman, Luna (See, panshin oni, josho oni, huizo oni.)

(n) Ayahuasca. THIMTHIM · The Three Halves of Ino Moxo

See, Uñu Pachacuti.

(adj) Sick. PSLPSL · www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm — Bolivian Quechua

(n) Sickness. PSLPSL · www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm — Bolivian Quechua Signifies a general clinical process equivalent to illness or disease. DYEDYE · Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.

(n) A name used for the Pleiades. AEAAAEAA · Astronomy and Empire in the Ancient Andes: The Cultural Origins of Inca Sky Watching, Bauer and DearbornSee, also, Collca.

(v) To be sick. PSLPSL · www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm — Bolivian Quechua

(n) Literally, deaf and dumb ones. Ritual baths in which an Inca subject, at the end of the ichuri, washed away hucha and were preferably done at the juncture of two streams (see, tinku). ICHBICHB · Inca Cosmology and the Human Body, Classen

See, oca, above.

(n) Literally, one who prays. A vegetalista who employs only prayers for performing shamanic tasks. MSINMSIN · conference paper The Concept of Plants as Teachers among four Mestizo Shamans of Iquitos, Northeastern Perú, Luna

(v) To pray (sp.).PSLPSL · www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm — Bolivian Quechua

See, Urcuchillay.

See, tonal.

Orejón can mean strip of a dried peach.SEESSEES · Crowell's Spanish-English & English-Spanish Dictionary Big ears or boss ears, a Spanish nickname for the Inca nobility because of their practice of piercing their ears and inserting large gold spools. This was seen by the Inca as a divine sanction from Wiracocha for ruling the empire. It was a practice that actually pre-dated the Inca and was found in the Moche civilization. MANMAN · Mythology of the American Nations, Jones and Molyneaux Inca royalty. WIKIWIKI · en.wikipedia.org (no www) The ritualistic piercing of the ears was a very solemn occasion, as the Inca himself presided over the ceremony of initiation of the youth into the life of the warrior (see, huarachicuy). They used sharply filed metal to pierce the earlobes; then dilated the opening appreciably to hold earplugs of increasing size. Garcilaso tells us, “Besides being shorn, they had their ears pierced as women usually pierce them for their earrings; however, “they enlarged the hole with artifacts of rare size, incredible to those who never saw them, because it seems impossible that with so little flesh under the ear, this may grow large enough to harbor an ear ornament the size and shape of a round earthenware vessel.” This small but important ritualistic act of surgery took place at the great festival of Inti Raymi [here the author contradicts himself as to which festival; in the definition of huarachicuy he wrote it happened at Qhapaq Raymi]. The young men passed before the emperor and the latter used, according to Garcilaso, thick gold pins which they left in place so that by means of them the ear holes would heal and stretch to incredible size.” These [see, tembetá and scarification] are the only ritual surgical acts of which we have a clear notion. DYEDYE · Source not listed on the original Text Sources page.

(n) These are the patterns of the organization of the universe via energy. JLHJLH · Jose Luis Herrera, various lectures (See, saiwa, munay, nuna, chekak, yuya, ch’ulla, kallari, kawsay.)

(v) To take out, to extract. RSL

(n) (Urtica dioica) Shrub with jagged leaves that have small hooks on them. Used for extractions of structural density to get kawsay moving again. JLHJLH · Jose Luis Herrera, various lectures

The plant also has many uses as an herbal curative.

(n) Jaguar. Comes from a pre-Incan civilization, the Chavin, who had cat-like depictions all over their holy sites. MANMAN · Mythology of the American Nations, Jones and Molyneaux A symbol parallel to the puma but for jungle regions; in some historians’ view, Uturunku was originally far more important than Puma. ANON1ANON1 · anonymous donor 1 (see footnote on the original Text Sources page for explanation) (See, fanged deities.)

(n) Grandfather jaguar. PSPMPSPM · Peruvian Shamanism: The Pachakúti Mesa, Magee See, otorongo, above.

(n) Literally, other nation. According to residents of Misminay, in addition to the kaypacha, there is another world directly below, the other nation, distinct from the ukhupacha. It is the place where the dead go. There everything happens just the opposite to the way it happens on this earth: our sunrise is their sunset, our day is their night, our earth is their sky. The beings who live there are red and have wings and are called condores. The only animal is the burro, which is the principal food animal of that world. The only plant food is the palm tree. ACESACES · At the Crossroads of Earth and Sky: An Andean Cosmology, Urton