TEXT SOURCES
Sources in this color refer to books. See bibliography.
Sources in this color are/were web sites.
- 2B = lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/peru/pe_glos.html#ayllu
- AAI = amazonartinstitute.com/id67.html
- AAO = www.ayahuascaassociation.org
- ABMP = Sounding Indigenous: Authenticity in Bolivian Music Performance, Bigenho
- ACA = Ancient Civilizations of the Andes, Means
- ACAI = The Andean Codex, J.E. Williams
- ACES = At the Crossroads of Earth and Sky: An Andean Cosmology, Urton
- ADN = azarius.net
- AEAA = Astronomy and Empire in the Ancient Andes: The Cultural Origins of Inca Sky Watching, Bauer and Dearborn
- AHC = www.amazonhub.com
- AHN = www.geocities.com/apiskui/huichol/nierika1.html
- AJD = American Journal of Dermatology and Genito-urinary Diseases, Ashmead
- AKP = The Ancient Kingdoms of Peru, Davies
- AMC = amazonmedicine.com
- AMH = www.amherst.k12.wi.us/userwebs/faculty/gorddebr/myths/Incacrea.html
- AMZ = amazon.com
- ANC = www.aphrodisiacsnatural.com/anibacanelilla.html
- ANON1 = anonymous donor 1. Click * for explanation.
- AP1 = Associated Press, 11/22/06 “Peruvian archaeologists excavate tombs”
- APC = awkipuma.com/en/somos_maestro.html
- AQGD = Ayacucho Quechua Grammar and Dictionary, Parker
- ARC = www.anniesremedy.com
- ASD = Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara
- AWC = ayahuaska.wordpress.com/
- AWW = A Woman's World: True Life Stories of World Travel, Bond
- AYV = Ayahuasca Visions: The Religious Iconography of a Peruvian Shaman, Luna
- AVO = my notes from Alberto Villoldo, various writings and lectures
- AWE = www.anthropology.wisc.edu
- BGH = www.crystalinks.com/bighorn.html
- BLC = Beyond the Lettered City: Indigenous Literacies in the Andes, Rappaport and Cummins
- BNY = www.boletindenewyork.com/glavarello.oceanus....htm
- BOA = www.biopark.org
- BOC = bruceowen.com/contisuyo/VirtualMuseoE.html
- BRH = Boanerges, Harris
- CBV = larepublica.pe/blogs/andares/2013/05/01/el-codigo-blas-valera/
- CCDM = Carlos Castaneda, Details Magazine.
- CCPB = notes taken at the Phoenix Book Store with Carlos Castaneda
- CCVW = Carlos Castaneda, various books
- CDC = ceramicus.dunmarsh.com
- CDN = www.cusco.net
- CHAM = Chamalu, Luis Espinoza
- CHE = users.ap.net/~chenae/spirit.html
- CIPC = cipotato.org/
- CMPSL = Choquequirao to Machu Picchu at the Speed of Light: Visual Signaling Among the Incas, Lee
- COI = The Conquest of the Incas, Hemming
- CPC = www.cusco-peru.com
- CPO = www.cusco-peru.org
- CPC = www.camayocperu.com/
- CSCR = Cut Stones and Crossroads, Wright
- CSK = www.commonsensekundalini.com/science_spirituality/centering-and-breathing.html
- DAJG = Diary of an Amazon Jungle Guide: Amazing Encounters with Tropical Nature and Culture, Beaver.
- DCGB = Deepak Chopra in God and Buddha: a Dialogue (DVD)
- DCM = Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Zimmerman
- DCR = Domination and Cultural Resistance: Authority and Power among an Andean People, Rasnake
- DIA = Deathing: An Intelligent Alternative for the Final Moments of Life, Foos-Graber
- DNS = Drum and Stethoscope: Integrating Ethnomedicine and Biomedicine in Bolivia, Bastien
- DPI = davidpratt.info/andes2.htm
- DQ = Diccionario Quechua, Ladron
- DRB = www.daemonraven.bravehost.com/inca.html
- DRC = dictionary.reference.com
- DUKE = www.ars-grin.gov/duke/syllabus/module8.htm
- EEC = www.enciclopediadelecuador.com
- EFD = encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com
- ELC = entheology.com
- EMA = Exploring Medical Anthropology, Joralemon
- EMM = www.ayahuasca-shamanism.co.uk/
- EMTW = www.taijiworld.com/
- EOG = Encyclopedia of Gods, Jordan
- EOL = eol.org [Encyclopedia of Life]
- EOTI = Empire of the Inca, Brundage
- EPA = Preliminary Ethnobotany of the Peruvian Amazon, Bodley
- EPP = The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications, Rätsch
- ES = Eric Sirotkin, Sentient Times
- ETH = Eduardo the Healer, DVD
- EWO = en.wikipedia.org
- FACA = findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0003/ai_2603000312
- FAE = www.fuerzasarmadasecuador.org/english/historia/reinoquitoatahualpa.htm
- FNCGG = The First New Chronicle and Good Government, Poma
- FOD = www.thefreedictionary.com
- FOG = Fingerprints of the Gods, Hancock
- FOP = Flora of Peru, MacBride
- FPRA = Food, Power, and Resistance in the Andes: Exploring Quechua Verbal and Visual Narratives, Krögel
- GCA = www.geocities.com/andians/Gb.htm
- GCC = glossary.cassiopaea.com/glossary.php?id=397
- GM = www.gaiameditations.com
- GMP = Ghosts of Machu Picchu, Nova, PBS 2010 DVD
- GNO = Gnosis Magazine, John Perkins
- GOL = The Gift of Life: Female Spirituality and Healing in Northern Peru, Glass-Coffin.
- GPA = El primer nueva coronica y buen gobierno, Poma de Ayala.
- GSC = The Gods and Social Change in the High Andes, Gow
- GVO = globalvoicesonline.org/2012/01/16/peru-capac-raymi-the-andean-christmas/
- HDP = www.hc09.dial.pipex.com
- HGP = Historia General del Peru, de Morua
- HIM = Handbook of Inca Mythology, Steele
- HOI = History of the Incas, Sarmiento de Gamboa
- HS1 = www.howstuffworks.com
- IAWS = Mythology, Illustrated Anthology of World Myth & Storytelling
- IBCN = Spiritual Encounters: Interactions Between Christianity and Native Religions, Griffiths
- ICC = Inca Civilization in Cuzco, Zuidema
- ICHB = Inca Cosmology and the Human Body, Classen
- IEBJ = Initiation, Jenkins
- IGMP = Andean Awakening: An Inca Guide to Mystical Peru, Delgado
- IHC = indiaheals.blogspot.com
- IHT = www.iht.com/slideshows/2007/02/12/america/web.0212bolivia_SLIDE.php
- IMAX = IMAX - Amazon (DVD)
- INC = www.inkanatura.com/choquequirau.asp
- ins.gob.pe = www. ins.gob.pe
- IPC = www.infoplease.com
- IPT = www.iquitostimes.com/giant_armadillo.htm
- IPWY = Presence: The Inherence of the Prototype Within Images and Other Objects, Shepherd
- IRC = Inca Religion and Customs, Cobo
- ITA = The Incas and Their Ancestors, Moseley
- ITQ = Introduction to Quechua: Language of the Andes, Noble
- ISEM = www.ISSSEEM.org
- JAR = Journal of Anthropological Research
- JLH = Jose Luis Herrera, various lectures
- JNP = Juan Nunez del Prado
- JP = John Perkins, The World Is As You Dream It
- JQJ = www.jqjacobs.net/andes/cosmology.html
- KOAK = Keepers of the Ancient Knowledge, Wilcox
- KVI = Kintui: Vision of the Incas, Ayani
- LAH = latinamericanhistory.about.com/od/theconquestofperu/p/09teocajas.htm
- LAT1 = Los Angeles Times, May 15, 2007
- LAT2 = Los Angeles Times, Nov. 16-18, 1999
- LCL = www.lithiccastinglab.com/gallery-pages/2002octoberconopapage1.htm
- LDC = www.labrynthina.com
- LPB = sites.google.com/site/lottphilipbolivia/Bolivian-Quechua-Dictionary
- LTO = library.thinkquest.org
- LUN = lynx.uio.no
- MAAM = Museo de Arqueología de Alta Montaña, http://maam.org.ar/
- MAN = Mythology of the American Nations, Jones and Molyneaux
- MAR = www.mc.maricopa.edu/~reffland/anthropology/anthro2003/archy/ aymara/inca.html
- MAY = mx.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20071129085213AAemUWt
- MBE = home.earthlink.net/~megbeeler
- MDM = Myths, Dreams, and Mysteries, Eliade
- MGWP = The Mind Game: Witchdoctors and Psychiatrists, Torrey
- MHP = Rios, The Master Healer in Peru, www.onirogenia.com/chamanismos/el-maestro-curandero-en-el-peru-historia-medicina-y-magia/
- MJO = www.mythicjourneys.org
- MLN = www.magialuna.net
- MOC = Mountain of the Condor: Metaphor and Ritual in an Andean Ayllu, Bastien
- MP = Magical Passes: The Practical Wisdom of the Shamans of Ancient Mexico, Castañeda
- MPA = Medical Pluralism in the Andes (Theory and Practice in Medical Anthropology), Koss-Chioino
- MPO = www.myperu.org
- MSIN = conference paper The Concept of Plants as Teachers among four Mestizo Shamans of Iquitos, Northeastern Perú, Luna
- MSNBC2-07 = MSNBC.com, Feb. 2007
- MSNBC7-13 = www.nbcnews.com/science/inca-child-sacrifices-were-drunk-stoned-weeks-death-6C10784197
- NCA = Nature and Culture in the Andes, Gade
- NCBI = www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10617066
- NCB2 = www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20152892
- NDC = www.nagual.com
- NFL = www.nflc.org/REACH/7ca/enCAInca.htm
- NGEO1 = National Geographic News, April 22, 2002
- NGEO2 = news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/04/0409_020417_machumap.html
- NGEO3 = National Geographic Magazine, May 2002
- NGEO4 = magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0206/feature5/index.html
- NGEO5 = National Geographic Magazine, November 1999
- NGEO6 = news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/09/090918-peru-tomb-moche-male-priestesses_2.html
- NGEO7 = National Geographic Magazine, April 1913
- NGEO8 = news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/07/130729-inca-mummy-maiden-sacrifice-coca-alcohol-drug-mountain-andes-children/
- NGM8 = ngm.nationalgeographic.com/2011/04/inca-empire/pringle-text/2
- NIH = National Institute of Health
- NMHI = The Natural and Moral History of the Indies, de Acosta
- NND = www.netnaturdoktoren.dk/ordbog.htm
- NPM = www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/peru/mummies/ high1.html
- NWFO = www.nwf.org/News-and-Magazines
- OCG = oncommonground.blogspot.com/2014/02/the-ayahuasca-diaries-transformation.html
- OCM = myweb.lmu.edu/snason/Research_and_Writing_files/Opposites, Contradictories, and Mediation for Web Page.pdf
- ODP = Origins of Domestication, etc., Emshwiller
- OMQ = Oscar Miro-Quesada, from his various writings.
- OT = oral transmission.
- OWJ = www.ourworldjourney.com/peru/
- PBS = www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/peru/adventure1/b2.htm
- PBS2 = www.pbs.org/opb/conquistadors/teachers/pdf/unit2.pdf
- PCO = incas.perucultural.org.pe
- PDA = Encantado: Pink Dolphin of the Amazon, Montgomery
- PDB = www.plantsdb.gr/en/
- PFU = plantsforuse.com
- PGO = Patt Grantham O’Neill, personal definitions I write when I cannot find a good one elsewhere.
- PKC = www.poqenkanchay.com
- PMO = www.pachamama.org
- POM = The Power of Myth, Campbell
- POP = Portals of Power – Shamanism in South America, Langdon
- POS = The Power of Silence, Castaneda
- PRM = Pilgrimage and Ritual Movement (paper)
- PSL = www.geocities.com/phillott/Bolivia/Dictionary02.htm Bolivian Quechua
- PSPM = Peruvian Shamanism: The Pachakúti Mesa, Magee
- PTC = psychotropia.co
- PTO = www.psychologytoday.com/blog/
- PUE = www-personal.umich.edu/~jlvoris/thesis.html
- PYS = Don Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti-Yamqui Salcamayhua
- QISLI = Q'ero: In Search of the Last of the Incas, Nava
- QNO = www.quechuanetwork.org
- QP = Quechua Phrasebook, Coronel-Molina
- QPAWN = qpawn.wikia.com/wiki/Inca_Empire
- RAVI = Religion in the Andes: Vision and Imagination in Early Colonial Peru, McCormack
- REPC = Ruiz as an Ethnopharmacologist in Peru and Chile, Schultes [taxonomy accuracy questionable]
- RCL = Return of the Children of Light, Polich
- RDP = Raíces del Presente, Sebastiano.
- RFC = www.rainforestconservation.org
- RFD = rainforest-database.com
- RFRC = Ritual Feting and Religious Conversion in an Ancient Native American Empire, Mosely
- RHCD = Random House College Dictionary
- ROR = Rituals of Respect, Bolin
- RS = runasimi.de
- RSN = www.robertschoch.net/Mystery%20of%20Markawasi.htm
- RTR = releasethereality.com
- RTZ1 = www.colorado.edu/Conferences/pilgrimage/papers/Zuidema.html
- SAAO = www.saa.org/publications/saabulletin/17-2/SAA1.html
- SAI = Secrets of the Ancient Incas, Langevin
- SBC = www.spanish.sbc.edu
- SCCM = Sacred Contracts: Awakening Your Divine Potential, Myss
- SCU = www.shamanism.co.uk
- SD = Shaman’s Drum, Winter 1996
- SDC = www.sciencedaily.com
- SEB = spiritualemergency.blogspot.com/2006/01/shamanism-schizophrenia.html
- SEES = Crowell's Spanish-English and English-Spanish Dictionary
- SHC = www.sacredheritage.com/andean.html
- SIH = The Shape of Inca History: Narrative and Architecture in an Andean Empire, Niles
- SIMA = The Secret of the Incas: Myth, Astronomy, and the War Against Time, Sullivan
- SIP = www.spanishinperu.com
- SLI = The Sacred Landscape of the Inca, Bauer
- SOM = Stranger in Our Midst: Guided Culture Change in Highland Guatemala, Furst and Reed
- SPP = www.spiritpathperu.com/west/plants/ayahuaska.html
- SPRH = Symbolism and Physiology of Ritual Healing ….., Joralemon
- SR = Soul Retrieval: Mending the Fragmented Self through Shamanic Practice, Ingerman
- SRK = www.sriramakrishnamath.org
- SSB = stealthsurvival.blogspot.com
- SSCC = Sorcery and Shamanism: Curanderos and Clients in Northern Peru, Joralemon and Sharon.
- SVI = The Sacred Valley of the Incas: Myths and Symbols, Elorrieta Salazar
- SWCC = studentwebs.coloradocollege.edu/~m_pike/welcome.htm
- SXHU = sxhu.org [no www]
- SYFY = www.syfy.com/ghosthuntersinternational/episodes/season/3/episode/307/temple_of_doom_peru
- TAI = Tiwanaku: Ancestors of the Inca, Young-Sánchez
- TAV = The Awakening Valley, Collier and Buitrón
- TCF = www.thefeaturedcreature.com/2013/05/
- TCH = www.tropilab.com/hura-cre.html
- TDJ = The Teachings of Don Juan: A Yaqui Way of Knowledge, Castaneda
- TEG = The Eagle's Gift, Castaneda
- TEQ = The Eagle's Quest: A Physicist's Search for Truth in the Heart of the Shamanic World, Wolf
- TGOP = The Gate of Paradise, Chamalú
- THIM = The Three Halves of Ino Moxo
- TKI = Talking Knots of the Inka, Domenici
- TLD = Diccionario Tri-lingue: Quechua of Cusco-English-Spanish, Hornberger
- TP = Theo Paredes (my class notes and personal correspondence)
- TPM = Peruvian Shamanism: The Pachakúti Mesa, Magee
- TRIB1 = A Key Checkerboard Pattern Tunic of the Linden Museum: First Steps in Breaking the Tocapu Code? TRIBUS 2007, vol. 56 - Abstract
- TSB = The Shaman's Body, Mindell
- TOP = Tales of Power, Castaneda
- TP = Theo Paredes (my class notes)
- TWR = Geshe Tenzin Wangyal Rinpoche (my class notes)
- UNDC = www.unodc.org
- UTE = www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exschtep.html
- VLA = Vocabulario de la Lengua Aymara, Bertonio
- VTFD = Voices of the First Day, Lawlor
- WAC = www.agnostica.com.ar/incassaqs.htm
- WAGA = www.aao.gov.au/images/captions/uks018.html
- WAH = www.andeshandbook.cl
- WAHC = www.amazonhub.com
- WAIC = www.arturinsa.com/p_spondilus.html
- WAN = www.amaruli.net
- WANC = www.artnews.com
- WAO = www.aymara.org/biblio/quechua.html
- WAO2 = www.aymara.org/histo_eng.php
- WAW = www.alchemy-works.com/nicotiana_rustica.html
- WAWC = www.accuweather.com
- WAZ = www.americazoo.com
- WBC = www.britannica.com
- WBT = www.bolivia-travels.com/potosi-sucre-tarabuco/tinku.htm
- WCC = www.coloradocollege.edu/dept/an/TorresRouff/AN203/AN203adams/incasettlements.htm
- WCE = [World Culture Encyclopedia] www.everyculture.com/South-America/ Canelos-Quichua-Religion-and-Expressive-Culture.html
- WCF = carnivoraforum.com
- WCH = www.crystal-healing.com
- WDH = www.divinehumanity.com/custom/jaguarshaman.html
- WDPO = www.discpro.org/andean
- WEA = www2.essex.ac.uk/arthistory/arara/issue_five/paper4.html
- WEAD = www.ead.ae
- WEB = www.enjoybolivia.com/english/guiadestinos/titicaca/ATRACCIONES_IN.shtml
- WEBMD = www.webmd.com/
- WEC = www.examiner.com
- WELF = www.essentiallivingfoods.com
- WFH = www.future-hype.com/peru.htm
- WFP = www.fruitipedia.com/macqui Aristotelia chilensis.htm
- WGA = www.goantiques.com/detail,pre-columbian-inca,274690.html
- WGC = www.godchecker.com/pantheon/incan-mythology
- WGMX = www.unischaft.gmxhome.de/archiv/0304/16/16.html
- WGRT = Cocaine: White Gold Rush in Peru, Morales
- WHAC = healing.about.com/cs/uc_directory/a/uc_curanderos_2.htm
- WHC = www.hypermex.com/html/abt_huit.htm
- WHH = www.geocities.com/WestHollywood/Heights/5665/acllacuna.html
- WHR = www.geocities.com/Heartland/Ranch/6426/10moche.html
- WIA = www.theinkaadventure.com/English/Saqsayhuaman.asp
- WIC = www.informationclub.com
- WIKI = en.wikipedia.org (no www)
- WIKID = en.wiktionary.org
- WIKIQ = en.wikiquote.org
- WILT = www.ilatintravel.com
- WIP = indioproducts.com
- WISC = www.immunesupport.com/news/95sum004.htm
- WLC = www.llewellyn.com/bookstore/article.php?id=67
- WIPC = www.infoplease.com/spot/aboriginal1.html
- WLMC = www.luckymojo.com/esoteric/occultism/magic/folk/latinamerican/ebh200207_mexican_herbal.html
- WKC = www.kotamama.com/phase4reports/message_archaeo.htm
- WMC = www.world-mysteries.com
- WMG = www.medicinegarden.com/SRE/PeruInitiation.html
- WMGE = www.midena.gov.ec/sitios_wrapper/fuerzas_armadas/historia/reinoquitoatahualpa.htm
- WMO = www.mythome.org
- WMOP = www.meru.org/posters/adamkadmon.html
- WME = www.wmich.edu/~ovpr/recognition-archive.htm
- WMYS = www.mystae.com/restricted/streams/scripts/shamanism.html
- WNC = www.nierika.com/html/nierika_profile.htm
- WNET = PBS documentary Andes: The Dragon's Back
- WODO = www.websters-online-dictionary.org
- WOTW = Wizard of the Four Winds: A Shaman's Story, Sharon
- WOTC = Warriors of the Clouds: A Lost Civilization in the Upper Amazon of Peru, Muscutt
- WP = www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A63462-2004May28_2.html
- WP2 = www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/national/daily/april99/mummies07.htm
- WPAP = www.pachacamac.net
- WPMC = pacomarca.com/mitos_leyendas_en.htm
- WPC = www.pusinsuyu.com/english/html/wiphala.html
- WPG = www.postgazette.com/pg/05168/523357.stm
- WPH = Eduardo El Curandero: The Words of a Peruvian Healer, Calderón
- WPO = www.pantheon.org
- WPS = www.pusinsuyu.com/english/html/wiphala.html
- WQC = www.qosqo.com
- WQN = www.quinoa.net
- WRIC = www.research.ibm.com/peru/brujo.htm
- WRT = www.rain-tree.com
- WSC1 = www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/cosmic_darkmatt_020108-1.html
- WSC2 = www.space.com/scienceastronomy/astronomy/dark_matter_011211.html
- WSC3 = www.setours.com/festivities.php?lang=en
- WSC4 = www.space.com/4810-universe-dark-messy.html
- WSC5 = www.space.com/3319-astronomers-create-3d-map-dark-matter.html
- WSDC = www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874108007253
- WSEC = www.shamanic-extracts.com
- WSS = www.sacredsites.com/americas/bolivia/samaipata.html
- WTC = www.temakel.com/simbolazoantropo.htm
- WUTE = www.utexas.edu/utpress/excerpts/exbousex.html
- WVU = www.vanderbilt.edu/AnS/Anthro/Anth101/on_hegemony.htm
- WWKN = www.kachina.net/~alunajoy/awake.html
- WWOC = www.ojinaga.com/store/curanderos/nichos/cipriano.html
- WWP = waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph19.htm
- WWPE = wordnetweb.princeton.edu
Many of the photographs, graphics and some of the text in this glossary are copyrighted and the intellectual property of others. No copyright infringement is intended and no financial gain for any individual will be made from these pages. This glossary has been assembled for educational purposes only and follows the fair use doctrine of the copyright laws.
*The contributor ANON1 wishes to remain anonymous in respectful deference to his teachers' concerns regarding possible notoriety. The author of this entry has been a student of Peruvian ceremonial traditions for over a decade. His contributions to this Quechua glossary were composed during his three years based in Cusco, Peru, where he experienced Quechua immersion in small Andean communities and actively studied records of the history of Andean cosmology. These definitions are a product of that time spent in close contact with the specific traditions of Cusco, and likely reflect the idiosyncrasies of the language and culture of that region.